Rethinking measures of democracy and welfare state universalism: Lessons from subnational research

ABSTRACT

Democracy and the welfare state are two of the most extensively studied concepts and themes in the field of comparative politics. Debate about how to best measure the two concepts has failed to contemplate the extent to which political and social rights are uniformly present across distinct regions of the national territory, despite the presence of substantial subnational research that underscores wide variation inside countries. We argue that this omission hampers our understanding of the two phenomena and we propose a new measure of democracy and healthcare universalism, which we call the Adjusted Measures of Democracy and Welfare Universalism. The new measures integrate territorial inequality into existing national-level indicators, providing a more accurate picture of country performance and opening the door to new, multi-level theory building.     

Two-dimensional metric comparisons between dynamic bare footprints and insole foot impressions-forensic implications

Footwear may be found at crime scenes as physical evidence. Such footwear often has impression features of the wearer’s foot on the insole of the shoe. Scientific research and literature have established that footprints are distinct. This study compares two-dimensional measurements on bare footprints to foot impressions on insoles to determine if significant differences or similarities exist. Dynamic footprints were collected from 51 donors using the Identicator® Inkless Shoe Print Model LE 25P system. Seven foot length and width measurements were taken based on the Reel linear measurement method. Footprint measurements between bare footprints and foot impressions on the insoles were compared. Only two differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the various bare footprint and insole foot impression measurements on the right and left side for most of the measurements, CALC (p < 0.001) and A1 (p = 0.04). Bare footprint and insole A5 measurements on the left side were also significantly different (p = 0.015). The results of the study have implications in the forensic analysis of foot impression evidence on insoles in footwear in assisting with identifying the wearer of said footwear. Situations may arise in the forensic context when comparing the foot impression on the insole of footwear to a suspect’s bare footprint or a footprint from post-mortem remains. This study contributes to the scant literature available on the topic and to understanding the similarities and differences observed in the various linear measurements that may be utilized in the comparison process of footprint impressions on shoe insoles to bare footprints.     

A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions Among Members of a Homicide Unit

Existing research on stress among police assumes the presence of uniform stressors across job roles and borrows upon generic stress instruments to tap stress types and levels. The present study draws upon interviews with 26 members of a metropolitan homicide unit to provide an inductive vantage point on stress perceptions within a specialized area of policing. We provide evidence that the occupational and organizational forms of stress detailed by these officers are shaped largely by the unique nature of homicide work. Among the unique task-related stressors observed include the complexities of homicide crime scenes, time pressures, cases assignment factors, paperwork demands, and long-term ownership over individual case files. A series of structural issues from both within and outside the police agency are identified as organizational stressors unique to homicide work. We conclude with a proposed theory of homicide investigator stress and implications for future research.     

论大数据技术对公安工作的影响

大数据具有的4V特性决定了大数据技术将从多个角度和层面丰富侦查方式,提高了各类案件的侦破效率;以高科技预防高科技犯罪,做到打击迅速、减少损失,还百姓以现实的安全感;整合多种资源,引导社会运转,预见行为规律,构建令百姓满意的和谐治安环境;让公安工作始终开展的公正透明,百姓享有现实与虚拟环境里的平等权利;提供高效的管理手段和模式,不断推动社会管理的创新。全面认识大数据技术对公安工作的影响,有利于推动公安工作上台阶,不断实现新的突破。     

公安机关现场勘验信息系统存在的问题及对策

全国公安机关现场勘验信息系统是公安机关"三基工程"的重点建设项目之一,对增强勘查能力、优化侦查模式、提升破案效益、提高科学打击犯罪水平等具有重要作用。但是,在日常使用过程中,系统的功能未得到充分发挥。     

A study of user data integrity during acquisition of Android devices

At the time of this writing, Android devices are widely used, and many studies considering methods of forensic acquisition of data from Android devices have been conducted. Similarly, a diverse collection of smartphone forensic tools has also been introduced. However, studies conducted thus far do not normally guarantee data integrity required for digital forensic investigations. Therefore, this work uses a previously proposed method of Android device acquisition utilizing ‘Recovery Mode’. This work evaluates Android Recovery Mode variables that potentially compromise data integrity at the time of data acquisition. Based on the conducted analysis, an Android data acquisition tool that ensures the integrity of acquired data is developed, which is demonstrated in a case study to test tool's ability to preserve data integrity.     

诱惑侦查之立法困惑——新刑诉法第151条的相关问题讨论

为了惩治犯罪的需要,现实中侦查机关经常采用有关人员隐蔽身份搜集信息、获取证据的手段,但是刑诉法中一直未见其相关规定。实践中的频繁运用与法律上的空白规定不符合目前侦查工作的需要。因此,新修订的刑诉法在"侦查"一章"技术侦查措施"一节作出了相关规定,对此种侦查措施进行法律调整。然而,该规定仍然存在一些不明确的地方,比如其在章节中的位置问题、但书的内涵等。     

网络诽谤犯罪立案管辖之困境与价值抉择

本文对网络诽谤犯罪案件载体与形式进行了重新评估,并解释了刑法扩张的合理性,试图从诽谤犯罪规制的价值选择出发,考察域外法制,平衡社会公益与公民权利,平衡言论自由与公民人格尊严,提出修正现行法律规范的建议,或加强公权力救济、强化现行法律框架下的侦查权合理运行。     

对四起重特大铁路交通事故现场勘查的分析

我局辖区在2004年7月25日京沪线、2004年7月26日京九线、2008年1月23日胶济线、2008年4月28日胶济线先后发生4起重特大铁路交通事故,通过从接警、出警、现场勘查、检验鉴定、案卷制作等工作环节对4起事故现场进行分析总结,从中找出工作中存在的不足和可供今后借鉴的经验,以进一步提高重特大铁路交通事故的现场勘查和检验鉴定水平。     

提升政府依法管理社会能力的探讨

政府依法加强和创新社会管理，遵循法治性与规律性，充分体现效率性与和谐性，取得群众满意的效果，强化法治政府建设，提升政府依法管理和服务社会的能力是关键。必须强化街道（乡镇）的社会管理和公共服务职能，提高政府管理和服务社会的能力；充分发挥社区自治在社会管理中的主体作用，提高政府推进社会依法自治的能力；增强社会组织依法实现自我管理的功能，提高政府动员社会力量管理服务社会的能力；强化对重点人群和重点区域的管理与服务，提高政府维护社会和谐稳定的能力。